Pan-American Highway – Network of roads in the Americas

The Pan-American Highway is a network of roads and highways that spans across the Americas, connecting North, Central, and South America. It is one of the longest road systems in the world and serves as a critical transportation route for both people and goods. Here are some key points about the Pan-American Highway:

1. Extensive Network: The Pan-American Highway is not a single road but a vast network of interconnected highways and roads. It runs through multiple countries and regions, covering approximately 19,000 miles (30,000 kilometers).
2. North-South Connectivity: The highway system extends from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, in the northernmost part of North America, to Ushuaia, Argentina, in the southernmost part of South America. It provides a continuous road connection between these two points, making it possible to travel the entire length of the Americas by road.
3. Interconnected Routes: The Pan-American Highway is not a single, continuous road but consists of various routes and segments, including the Pan-American North, Pan-American Central, and Pan-American South routes. These segments are interconnected and pass through multiple countries.
4. Challenges and Gaps: While the idea of a continuous road from Alaska to Argentina is appealing, there are several gaps and challenges along the Pan-American Highway. Some areas may lack road infrastructure, and travelers may need to use ferries or other modes of transport to bridge certain sections.
5. Varied Terrain: The highway crosses diverse terrains and climates, from frozen tundra in the north to dense rainforests in Central and South America. Travelers can experience a wide range of landscapes and ecosystems along the route.
6. Cultural Diversity: The Pan-American Highway also provides an opportunity to explore the rich cultural diversity of the Americas. Travelers can encounter a variety of cultures, languages, and traditions as they journey through different countries and regions.
7. Tourism and Adventure: The highway has become a popular route for long-distance travelers, road trippers, and adventurers looking to explore the Americas. It offers opportunities for outdoor activities, sightseeing, and experiencing local cuisine.
8. Trade and Commerce: The Pan-American Highway plays a crucial role in facilitating trade and commerce between countries in the Americas. It serves as a vital transportation corridor for the movement of goods and resources.
9. Challenges and Maintenance: Maintaining the Pan-American Highway can be challenging due to its length and the varied conditions it passes through. Some sections may require ongoing maintenance and improvements.

Overall, the Pan-American Highway is a remarkable feat of transportation infrastructure that connects the diverse and vast landscapes of the Americas. It serves as a symbol of connectivity and unity among the nations of the Western Hemisphere.

Pan-American Highway – Network of roads in the Americas

Network of roads in the Americas

The Pan-American Highway (French: (Auto)route panaméricaine/transaméricaine; Portuguese: Rodovia/Autoestrada Pan-americana; Spanish: Autopista/Carretera/Ruta Panamericana) is a network of roads stretching across the Americas and measuring about 30,000 kilometres (19,000 mi)[1] in total length. Except for a break of approximately 106 km (66 mi) across the border between northwest Colombia and southeast Panama called the Darién Gap, the roads link almost all of the Pacific coastal countries of the Americas in a connected highway system. According to Guinness World Records, the Pan-American Highway is the world’s longest “motorable road”. It is only possible to cross by land between South America and Central America—the last town in Colombia to the first outpost in Panama—by a difficult and dangerous hike of at least four days through the Darién Gap, one of the rainiest areas of the planet.

The Pan-American Highway passes through many diverse climates and ecological types — ranging from dense jungles to arid deserts and barren tundra. Some areas are fully passable only during the dry season. The Pan-American Highway system is physically mostly complete and extends in de facto terms from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, in North America, to the southernmost reaches of South America. Several southern highway termini are claimed, including the cities of Puerto Montt and Quellón in Chile, and Ushuaia in Argentina .

West and north of the Darién Gap, this roadway is also known as the Inter-American Highway through Central America and Mexico. There it splits into several spurs leading to the Mexico – United States border .

The notion that there could and should be an inter-American highway, linking the nations of North, Central, and South America, is an idea originating from the United States.[2]

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It was built in stages. The first, not long after one could drive across the United States on a paved road, was the highway from Laredo, Texas, to Mexico City. The second stage was the Inter-American Highway to Panama City ; previously there were no roads, and little commerce between most Central American countries. There was no road between Costa Rica and Panama until, concerned about access to the Panama Canal in a war situation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began a highway in 1941. [ 3 ]The third stage, which has not been completed and may never be, continues onward to the southern tip of South America at Tierra del Fuego National Park, near Ushuaia, Argentina. Both Panama and Colombia, and environmentalists as well, are opposed to building a highway through the Darién Gap that separates the two continents .The Cuban proposal, forgotten today since nothing came of it, was to create a ” circuito del Caribe ” ( Caribbean circuit ). They would have expanded the highway to Puerto Juárez, México ( Cancún ), and from there by ferry to Pinar del Río, Cuba, from there by road to Havana, and by ferry again to Key West, Florida, and the Overseas Highway. [ 4 ] The deterioration of relations between Cuba and the U.S. after the Cuban Revolution of 1959 ended talk of this project .The concept of an overland route from one tip of the Americas to the other was originally proposed as a railroad. In 1884 the U.S. Congress passed a law with a plan to build an inter-American rail system. [ 5 ] This was discussed at the First Pan-American Conference in 1889 ; however, construction never started. It was abandoned in concept after the independence of Panama in 1903, when work on the canal began. [ 5 ]The concept of building a highway, rather than a railroad, emerged at the Fifth International Conference of American States in 1923, after the automobile and other vehicles had begun to replace railroads for both passenger and goods transportation. The first conference regarding construction of the highway occurred on October 5, 1925 .

Finally, on July 29, 1937, in the latter years of the Great Depression, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Canada, and the United States signed the Convention on the Pan-American Highway, whereby they agreed to achieve speedy construction, by all adequate means.[6] Thirteen years later, in 1950, Mexico became the first Latin American country to complete its portion of the highway.[7]

In signage, although the idea of a Pan-American highway originated in the United States, and is indirectly linked to the booming American auto industry, no single route in the United States (except in Alaska) has been designated, much less marked, as the U.S. portion of the Pan-American Highway. However, the I-25 is labeled as the Pan-American freeway in states such as New Mexico and Colorado. According to the federal Department of Transportation, the Interstate Highway System is the United States’ section of the highway. In Canada it is not marked at all. Much of the highway in Latin America is explicitly marked, at American instigation, as Pan-American (commonly Vía Panam or Vía Panamericana).

The Northern Pan-American Highway travels through nine countries, including in Central America :The Southern Pan-American Highway travels through five countries :Important spurs also connect with four other South American countries :

The Alaska Highway through Alaska, Yukon and British Columbia is commonly considered a de facto northerly extension of the Pan-American Highway, as is the Dalton Highway in Alaska. In Canada, no particular road has been officially designated as the Pan-American Highway. The National Highway System, which includes but is not limited to the Trans-Canada Highway, is the country’s only official inter-provincial highway system. However, several Canadian highways are a natural extension of several key American highways that reach the Canada–US border. British Columbia Highway 97 and Highway 2 to Alberta both pick up where the southern end of the Alaska highway leaves off. Highway 97 becomes U.S. Route 97 at the Canada–US border. British Columbia Highway 99 provides an alternate route from Highway 97 just north of Cache Creek; it runs through Whistler and Vancouver before ending at the Canada–US border at the north end of Interstate 5 in Washington state, the beginning of the official Pan-American route south of British Columbia. Meanwhile, Alberta Highway 2 runs south and east to Alberta Highway 3 leading into Lethbridge, then south on Alberta Highway 4 to the Canada–US border, where it becomes Interstate 15 in Montana. This is the first official stretch of the Pan-American Highway south of the Alberta route, both of which are also part of the CANAMEX Corridor.

In 1966, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration designated the entire Interstate Highway System as part of the Pan-American Highway System, [ 8 ] [ 9 ] but this has not been expressed in any of the official interstate signage. Of the many freeways that make up this very comprehensive system, several are notable because of their mainly north – south orientation and their link to the main Mexican route and its spurs, as well as to key routes in Canada that link to the Alaska Highway .Thes e include the following :Several North American routes have names that make no direct reference to the Pan-American Highway, in part because some sections follow highways that are not up to full freeway standard .

The official route of the Pan-American Highway through Mexico (where it is known as the Inter-American Highway) starts at Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas (opposite Laredo, Texas), and goes south to Mexico City along Mexican Federal Highway 85.[citation needed] Later branches were built to the border as follows:

From Mexico City to the border with Guatemala, the highway follows Mexican Federal Highway 190. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] In the inaugural Carrera Panamericana road race, organized by the Mexican government, the terminus of this southern route was said to be at Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chiapas, at the Guatemalan border. [ 17 ]The Pan-American ( or Inter-American ) highway passes through the Central American countries with the highway designation of CA-1 ( Central American Highway 1 ). Belize was supposedly included in the route at one time, after it switched to driving on the right. Prior to independence, as British Honduras, it was the only Central American country to drive on the left side of the road .In Guatemala, it passes through 10 departments, including The Department Of Guatemala, where it passes through Guatemala City .In El Salvador, it passes through the cities of Santa Ana, Santa Tecla, Antiguo Cuscatlán, San Salvador, San Martín, San Miguel, and crosses the border into Honduras at Amatillo and crosses through Choluteca .From Honduras, it passes into Nicaragua at El Espino, passing through the Nicaraguan cities of Somoto, Estelí, Sebaco, Managua, Jinotepe, and Rivas before entering Costa Rica at Peñas Blancas .

In Costa Rica, the Pan-American Highway is known as Carretera Interamericana (Inter-American Highway) and is composed of two segments Carretera Interamericana Norte (Route 1) and Carretera Interamericana Sur (Route 2).

It passes through Liberia, San José, Cartago, Pérez Zeledón, Palmares, Neily, before crossing into Panama at Paso Canoas.

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The highest point in the entire Pan-American Highway occurs at the Cerro de la Muerte ( Death Hill ) in the Carretera Interamericana Sur segment, at 3,335 m ( 10,942 ft ) .An alternative route used by cross country buses and freight transportation that avoids crossing through the Greater Metropolitan Area and Cerro de la Muerte, is by taking Route 23 in Puntarenas canton from Route 1, then Route 27 and Route 34, and taking Route 2 in Osa canton .In Panama, it crosses the Panama Canal via the Centennial Bridge, and ends at Yaviza, at the edge of the Darién Gap. The road had formerly ended at Cañita, Panama, 180 km ( 110 mi ) north of its current end. United States government funding was particularly significant to complete the high-level Bridge of the Americas over the Panama Canal, during the years when the canal was administered by the United States .The Pan-American Highway is interrupted between Panama and Colombia by a 106 km ( 66 mi ) stretch of marshland known as the Darién Gap. The highway terminates at Turbo, Colombia, and Yaviza, Panama. Because of swamps, marshes, and rivers, construction would be very expensive. One can cross through on foot, but it is both very difficult and very dangerous .Efforts have been made for decades to eliminate the gap in the Pan-American highway, but have been controversial. Planning began in 1971 with the help of United States funding, but this was halted in 1974 after concerns raised by environmentalists. Another effort to build the road began in 1992, but by 1994 a United Nations agency reported that the road, and the subsequent development, would cause extensive environmental damage. The Embera-Wounaan and Kuna have also expressed concern that the road could bring about the potential erosion of their cultures .The Darién Gap has challenged adventurers for many years. A 1962 expedition with three Chevrolet Corvair rear-engine cars and two tư vấn trucks completed the trip south from Chicago through to the Colombian border. [ 18 ] A 1971 – 72 British expedition from Alaska to Argentina attempted to transit the Gap with two standard production Range Rovers, supported by a team of Land Rovers. They barely succeeded in thrashing a passage through the extreme terrain. [ 19 ] In 1979, a team led by Mark Smith drove standard production CJ7-model Jeeps from South to North, traversing the Gap with difficulty. [ 20 ] In 1984, Loren and Patty Upton made the first ” all land ” vehicle crossing of the Gap. It took 741 days of slogging, winching, chopping, and digging their way through the inhospitable jungles of the Darién Gap. [ 21 ] [ 22 ]In the 21 st century many desperate Haitians, Venezuelans, and other nationals, heading north towards the U.S. border, crossed the gap on foot, reporting terrible conditions. [ 23 ]One proposed option to bridge the gap is a short ferry link from Colombia to a new ferry port in Panama, [ 24 ] with an extension of the existing Panama highway that would complete the highway without violating these environmental concerns. However, past attempts to operate such a service have ended in failure .The southern part of the highway begins in Turbo, Colombia, from where it follows Colombia Highway 62 to Medellín. At Medellín, Colombia Highway 56 leads to Bogotá, but Colombia Highway 25 turns south for a more direct route. Colombia Highway 40 is routed southwest from Bogotá to join Highway 25 at Zarzal. Highway 25 continues all the way to the border with Ecuador .Another route, known as the Simón Bolívar Highway, runs from Bogotá ( Colombia ) to La Guaira ( Venezuela ). It begins by using Colombia Highways 55 và 66 all the way to the border with Venezuela. From there it uses Venezuela Highway 1 to Caracas and Venezuela Highway 9 to its end at La Guaira .Ecuador Highway 35 runs the whole length of the country. Peru Highway 1 carries the Pan-American Highway all the way through Peru to the border with Chile .

In Chile, the highway follows Chile Route 5 south to (Llaillay), a point north of Santiago, where the highway splits into two parts, one of which goes through Chilean territory to Puerto Montt, where it splits again, to Quellón on Chiloé Island, and to its continuation as the Carretera Austral. The other part goes east along Chile Route 60, which goes through the Andes to the Christ the Redeemer Tunnel, inside the Los Libertadores Pass. The Chilean-Argentinian border is located in the middle of the tunnel.

In Argentina, the Argentina National Route 7 starts in the Christ the Redeemer tunnel, and continues to Buenos Aires, the end of the main highway. [ 25 ] The highway network also continues south of Buenos Aires along Argentina National Route 3 towards the city of Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego. Another branch, from Buenos Aires to Asunción in Paraguay, heads out of Buenos Aires on Argentina National Route 9. It switches to Argentina National Route 11 at Rosario, which crosses the border with Paraguay right at Asunción. Other branches probably exist across the center of South America .A continuation of the Pan-American Highway to the Brazilian cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro uses a ferry from Buenos Aires to Colonia in Uruguay and Uruguay Highway 1 to Montevideo. Uruguay Highway 9 and Brazil Highway 471 route to near Pelotas, from where Brazil Highway 116 leads to Brazilian main cities .

The highway does not have official segments to Belize, Guyana, Suriname (there known in Dutch: Pan-Amerikaanse weg) and French Guiana, nor to any of the island nations in the Americas. However, highways from Venezuela link to Brazilian Trans-Amazonian highway that provides a southwest entrance to Guyana, route to the coast, and follow a coastal route through Suriname to French Guiana.

Plans have been discussed for including the West Indies in the Pan American Highway system. According to these, a system of ferries would be established to connect terminal points of the highway. Travelers would then be able to ferry from Key West to Havana, drive to the eastern tip of Cuba, ferry to Haiti, drive through Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and ferry again to Puerto Rico. Included in this system would also be a ferry from the western tip of Cuba to the Yucatán Peninsula. Mexico has already surveyed a route which will run across the Yucatán, Campeche, and Chiapas to San Cristobal de Las Casas, on the Pan American Highway. ( ” The Pan American Highway System ” by Travel Division Pan American Union, Washington D.C. October 1947 )

Travel writer Tim Cahill wrote a book, Road Fever, about his record-setting 24-day drive from Ushuaia in the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego to Prudhoe Bay in the U.S. state of Alaska with professional long-distance driver Garry Sowerby, much of their route following the Pan-American Highway.[26]

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In the British motoring show Top Gear, the presenters drove on a section of the road in their off-road vehicles in the Bolivian Special.

In 2003, Kevin Sanders, a long-distance rider, broke the Guinness World Record for the fastest traversal of the highway by motorcycle in 34 days. [ 27 ]In 2018, British cyclist Dean Stott, who had planned on riding the length of the Americas in 110 days to set a new Guinness World Record, completed the 14,000 – mile journey in just under 100 days, riding south-to-north, breaking the record, set by Mexico’s Carlos Santamaría Covarrubias in năm ngoái, by 17 days. [ 28 ] Stott was inspired to push the timetable after learning that he and his wife had been invited to the royal wedding, and would have missed the sự kiện had he stuck to his original schedule. [ 29 ] Stott’s record lasted just a couple of months, as Austrian endurance cyclist Michael Strasser, riding north-to-south, broke the record with a time of 84 days, 11 hours and 50 minutes ( 23 July – 16 October 2018 ). [ 30 ] [ 31 ]

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